【中國脈搏】甘肅引入油橄欖 環保脫貧雙全法 How has olive oil become a new specialty of Gansu?

提到橄欖油，大家可能首先會想到地中海，而如今，能產出這種「液體黃金」的果子——油橄欖，已經成為中國甘肅的新特產。

When olive oil is mentioned, most people might first think of the Mediterranean, but nowadays, the fruit that produces this "liquid gold"—olive—has become one of China's new specialties in Gansu Province.

甘肅省隴南市，被稱為「中國油橄欖之鄉」。其油橄欖種植面積超過100萬畝（約相當於6.6萬公頃），約佔全國的一半；鮮果年產量達到6萬噸。

Longnan City in Gansu, is known as the "home of olives in China". The local olive cultivation area exceeds 66,000 hectares, accounting for about half of the national total; the annual output of fresh fruit has reached 60,000 tonnes.

這種原本只生長在地中海國家的油橄欖，是如何跨越萬里在中國西北山區扎根？

How did olive, which originally grew in Mediterranean countries, cross thousands of miles to take root in the mountainous regions of Northwest China?

1970年代，甘肅隴南市武都區開始從陝西省漢中地區批量引種油橄欖苗木。這個西北城市，與地中海沿岸國家同處於神奇的北緯33°；當地的低山河谷地帶氣候，與地中海沿岸的氣候環境十分相似，適合油橄欖生長。

In the 1970s, Wudu District in Longnan City, Gansu Province, began to introduce olive saplings in batches from Hanzhong of Shaanxi Province.

Located in China's northwest, Longnan shares the magical 33°N with Mediterranean coastal countries. The climate in the local low mountain and valley areas is very similar to the climate of the Mediterranean coast, which is suitable for the cultivation of olive trees.

最初，當地油橄欖也存在出油率低、質素差的問題。經過近半個世紀的改良育種，當地逐漸培育出8大省級良種，油橄欖質素和效益逐年提升。1998年，國際油橄欖理事會發布的《世界油橄欖分布圖》上新增了中國產區，包括甘肅隴南。

At first, the olives had problems such as low oil yield and poor quality.After half a century of domestication, the local area has developed eight major provincial-level fine varieties. The quality and efficiency of the olives improved year by year.

In 1998, the "World Map of Olive Tree Distribution" issued by the International Olive Council (IOC) added Chinese production areas, including Longnan City.

隴南的油橄欖產業目前已惠及20多萬農民，主產區的159個貧困村、4.42萬貧困人口，通過種植油橄欖實現了脫貧目標。

In Longnan, the olive industry has so far benefited more than 200,000 farmers; in the main production areas, 44,200 impoverished people from 159 impoverished villages have achieved their poverty alleviation goals through olive cultivation.

此外，隴南是全國四大泥石流高發區之一，而油橄欖是常綠樹種，其根系發達，具有很好的水土保持作用。如今，油橄欖既提高了當地的森林覆蓋率，也減少了水土流失和地表徑流，發揮重要生態作用。

Furthermore, as Longnan is one of China’s top four mudslide-prone areas, the evergreen olive trees, with their widespread root systems, are very effective in conserving soil and water.

Today, olives trees have both increased the local forest coverage rate and reduced soil erosion and surface runoff, playing an important ecological role.

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