人的身體跟情緒息息相關,當人憤怒或者驚恐的時候,交感神經會受刺激,導致毛囊周圍的立毛肌收縮,令毛髮豎起。古人可能並未有這種知識,卻懂得觀察,經常將頭髮直豎與情緒掛鈎,如中文成語有怒髮衝冠,形容人非常憤怒,頭髮豎起來頂起帽子;亦有令人髮指,形容事物使人極度憤慨,連頭髮都豎起。
而在英文中,頭髮直豎可與恐懼有關,用語someone's hair stands on end(某人的毛髮直立起來),表示這人十分害怕。形容事物令人恐懼,使人心慌,可以說這些事物make someone's hair stand on end使到某人的毛髮直豎,像中文說的汗毛直豎。
Our hair stood on end while we were watching this horror movie.
我們看這套恐怖片的時候,嚇得汗毛直豎。
Media descriptions on the murder case make people's hair stand on end.
傳媒對於那個謀殺案的描述,令人不寒而慄。
說到憤怒的情緒,英文亦有與毛髮有關的用語,不用hair,而用hackles作比喻,hackles是動物頸背的毛,或者是鳥類頸部的羽毛,即頸羽。動物和鳥類受到驚嚇、感到憤怒,準備作戰的時候,頸毛、頸羽會豎起,比喻在人類身上,形容某人憤怒、氣惱,可以說someone's hackles rise,即是怒火中燒、一些事物令人氣憤,激怒某人可以說這些事物make someone's hackles rise或者raise someone's hackles(激起怒火)。
The principal's hackles will rise if students come late or are absent during the morning assembly.
如果早會時有學生遲到或缺席,校長都會怒不可遏。
His hackles rose when he heard the negative comments. He thought they were unfair.
他聽到那些負面評語時怒火中燒,覺得評語不公平。
The rudeness of the restaurant staff made our hackles rise. We won't come again.
餐廳員工的粗魯態度令我們氣憤難平,我們不會再來。
The new tax policy will surely raise public hackles.
新的稅務政策肯定會激起公憤。
另一個類似的俚語用dander形容憤怒、激動。dander一般認為是dandruff 毛屑的簡稱,憤怒時毛屑會飛起,跟hackles差不多;亦有說dander是指發酵時出現翻滾的泡沫,用以比喻憤怒。someone gets his/her dander up即是說這人怒氣沖天,說某些事物get someone's dander up即是這些事物令人憤怒懊惱。
She got her dander up when her son failed the piano test.
兒子鋼琴考試失敗時,她怒氣沖天。
His brother's attitude got his dander up and the row started.
他兄弟的態度令他怒火中燒,隨即發生爭執。
憤怒懼怕的時候,身體髮膚會有反應,不過,有些人比較善於控制情緒,不輕易表現出來,這時會說他們not turn a hair(沒轉一根毛髮),即是說他們遇到不快的事情或聽到壞消息時情緒都不形於色。
He didn't turn a hair when he heard the news. He seemed neither angry nor worried.
他聽這個消息時,色不變,容不動。他看起來並不憤怒亦不憂慮。
People were expecting her to be outraged, but she didn't turn a hair.
人們期待她暴跳如雷,可是她喜怒不形於色。
不同的情緒可以用不同的用詞形容,害怕是hair stands on end,憤怒是hackles rise、dander up,都是負面情緒;not turn a hair並不容易,情緒多少會顯露一點,但學會控制總是好的。
●Lina CHU [ linachu88@gmail.com ]
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