地球中央沿赤道線附近的地方恒常受陽光照射,終年受熱,空氣膨脹上升,導致近地面的氣壓降低,這區域稱為赤道低氣壓帶,而由於這區域氣壓差小,風力微弱,因此亦稱為赤道無風帶,英文是Equatorial belt of calms。

赤道無風帶的海面沒有風,不利御風前進的船隻航行,船隻進入這區域,不時因無風而停航,滯留海上,不能前進,故此這無風帶亦稱為doldrum。據說doldrum來自古字dold,意思是dull,即是遲鈍、呆滯、不動的意思。帆船進入了無風帶,長時間停滯不前,船員感到沉悶憂鬱,因而稱這區域為doldrum。現在in the doldrums成為了慣用語,用於形容事或人。

用於事,in the doldrums指某些事情或狀況有如停在無風帶的船隻,沒有取得成果,停滯不前,原地不動,沒有進展,處於低沉狀態。當走出困局,可以繼續前進,就可以用out of the doldrums形容。

His career was in the doldrums and so he decided to further his studies.

他的事業停滯不前,因此他決定再進修學業。

After being in the doldrums in the past two years, the company is finally making some progress.

公司業務在過去兩年陷於停頓,現在終於有些起色,有進展了。

The economy is slowly getting out of the doldrums caused by the epidemic.

經濟正慢慢走出疫情導致的低迷困局。

用於人,in the doldrums形容這個人有如進入了無風帶的船員,處於低沉狀態,沮喪鬱結,沒有精神和動力,呆滯消沉。想強調一下語氣,可以說down in the doldrums,凸顯消沉的意思。

She is in the doldrums recently. Let's talk to her later when she feels better.

她最近狀態低沉,待她情況好轉後,我們再找她談談。

Social and economic uncertainties in that region put people in the doldrums.

那個地區的社會和經濟狀況存在眾多不明朗因素,令人們意志消沉。

He has been down in the doldrums since he lost the tournament last year.

自從去年失落錦標賽後,他便一沉不起。

模糊不清 心事重重

聽上去down in the doldrums跟另一用語down in the dumps相似,原來意思亦相若,dumps說的是一種抑鬱憂愁的狀態,所以down in the dumps亦是形容一些人鬱鬱寡歡、悶悶不樂。有人說dumps來自Dumpos,一位因為憂鬱悲傷而死的埃及皇帝,但比較可信的應該是dumps來自古荷蘭字domp,意思是薄霧,引申至指模糊不清、陰翳的狀態。所以down in the dumps多用來描寫人的心理和感覺,說人心事重重、萎靡不振,不過亦可描述事情,例如市面蕭條和不景氣的狀況。

He was down in the dumps when he was laid off by the company.

他被公司裁撤後,便顯得落寞寡歡,萎靡不振。

Knowing that there is no flights back home, she felt down in the dumps.

得悉沒有航班回家後,她的情緒十分低落。

Businesses are down in the dumps now and people are worrying about the future.

當前商業活動沉寂不起,人們正在擔心將來。

語文涉及地理歷史等多方面知識,常常借用各種現象和典故表達某些意思,in the doldrums、down in the dumps便是其中一些例子。學習語文亦可增加知識,明白了更能靈活運用。

◆Lina CHU(linachu88@gmail.com)

隔星期四見報